Premenstrual syndrome, also known as PMS, affects all women differently. Some experience no symptoms, except occasional bloating, while others suffer with severe mood swings and depression, along with physical issues. When depression from PMS becomes severe, it is often referred to as PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder.) This condition often requires treatment with an antidepressant.
SSRIs
Zoloft, commonly used to treat PMS, is in a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). According to the Mayo Clinic, SSRIs are believed to work by preventing serotonin (a neurotransmitter) from being reabsorbed by nerve cells in the brain. This increases the amount of serotonin the brain can use, causing an increase in serotonin levels. More serotonin means more transmission of nerve impulses, which can improve mood. Other SSRI antidepressants commonly prescribed for treatment of PMS and PMDD are Sarafem (also known as Prozac) and Lexapro.
SNRIs
Effexor XR, also known as venlafaxine hydrochloride, is an antidepressant used to treat depression and other anxiety disorders. According to Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Effexor is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, or SNRI. It balances the level of the two neurotransmitters, and when they are in balance, the symptoms of depression and anxiety associated with PMS are alleviated. Another SNRI prescribed for treatment of PMS or PMDD is Cymbalta.
Tri-cyclic Antidepressants
Tri-cyclic antidepressants are also prescribed for the treatment of depression in PMS. Like SNRIs, they work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine, but they go a step further in that they also stop the reabsorption of dopamine. Dopamine is another neurotransmitter that affects emotional responses in the brain, thus affecting mood. The PeaceHealth Patient Connection lists the tri-cyclic antidepressants prescribed for PMS as Anafranil, Norpramin, Pertofrane, Sinequan, Tofranil, Aventyl, Pamelor, Vivactil and Surmontil.
Wellbutrin
Wellbutrin, also known as bupropion hydrochloride, does not fall under any of the above categories. According to the Physician's Desktop Reference, Wellbutrin balances the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, but not serotonin. When the levels are balanced, it eases the symptoms of depression that are associated with PMS and PMDD. It can also relieve anxiety symptoms and reduce cravings, which is why it is also prescribed as an aid for smoking cessation under the name of Zyban.
