Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, making it necessary for the development and maintenance of strong bones. Doctors can determine the level of vitamin D in the body through a blood test that measures the amount of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. A normal range of vitamin D falls between 36 and 144 pmol per liter. Vitamin D intoxication occurs when patients ingest excessive amounts of vitamin D through supplementation, resulting in symptoms related to too much calcium -- a condition known as hypercalcemia, according to The Merck Manual.
Polyuria
Polyuria is a condition characterized by an increased production of urine. An excessive amount of urine for an adult is more than 2.5 liters per day, reports MedlinePlus. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and dispose of them in the urine. Kidneys also filter excess calcium to help maintain a normal level of calcium in the blood. Vitamin D intoxication leads to an increased level of calcium in the blood, which triggers the kidneys to increase the production of urine in an attempt to remove the excess calcium.
Polydipsia
Polyuria may lead to another symptom associated with vitamin D intoxication, known as polydipsia or excessive thirst. As the kidneys increase the production of urine, excessive amounts of water leave the body. This causes the cells throughout the body to dehydrate, which triggers polydipsia as the body sends signals to increase fluid intake.
Nausea
An excess of vitamin D high enough to cause toxicity and hypercalcemia may interfere with the ability of the digestive tract to absorb food and nutrients. This can cause nausea and lead to vomiting. The presence of nausea and vomiting may cause a loss of appetite and, over time, lead to significant weight loss.
Fatigue
The loss of water and nutrients through excessive urination and the inability of the digestive tract to efficiently absorb nutrients often result in fatigue -- a feeling of extreme tiredness. Fatigue promotes sluggishness and causes muscles to feel weak.
Arrhythmia
Calcium acts as an electrolyte in the body, which means that it helps to conduct electrical impulses. This makes it important for muscle function, including the function of the heart. A severe increase in the level of calcium caused by a toxic dose of vitamin D can affect the electrical impulses in the heart and lead to arrhythmia -- a condition in which the heart beats irregularly.
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