Over-the-counter pregnancy tests are used to detect pregnancy. These tests work by detecting a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine. When a woman becomes pregnant and the embryo implants into the uterus, hCG is secreted. hCG is usually detectable in the urine roughly 10 days after conception, and levels should double every 48 hours in a healthy pregnancy. However, some tests are not sensitive enough to detect hCG until you are 10 days past your missed period. A positive pregnancy test means that hCG was detected. If you suspect that you may be pregnant, a pregnancy test is an easy and convenient way for you to determine your answer. Some common signs of pregnancy include missed period, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, swollen and tender breasts, pelvic cramping, light vaginal bleeding, backache, constipation, dizziness, food cravings/aversions or headaches.
What to Look for
Most pregnancy tests are very simple to use and involve holding a test strip in your urine stream or urinating into a cup and placing the test strip in the cup. Not all tests are created equal, however, in terms of their sensitivity in detecting hCG. Some testing kits claim that they can detect hCG in the urine 1 day before your missed period. These kits tend to generally be a little more expensive, so if cost is not an issue, and you are anxious to determine if you are pregnant or not, spending a few extra dollars may be worthwhile.
Common Pitfalls
One of the most common mistakes women make when using a pregnancy test is testing too soon. Occasionally a negative result will be a false negative because the test is not sensitive enough to detect the low levels of hCG that are present. If you obtain a negative result but suspect that you still may be pregnant, you should repeat your test in a few days.
Secondly, your levels of hCG are highest in the morning during your first void of the day. This is because your urine is concentrated and hCG is not diluted with liquids you've consumed.
When you are shopping for pregnancy tests, make sure you check the expiration date. An expired pregnancy test is less reliable. Once you obtain a positive result, call your doctor to verify that you are truly pregnant. Most doctors will obtain a blood test measuring the levels of hCG in your blood. Your level of hCG can give your doctor a general idea of how far along you are in your pregnancy.
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