According to the U.S. Renal Data System, diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure. In 2005, 43.8 percent of all cases of renal failure in the U.S. were caused by diabetes. Diabetic patients with advanced kidney disease must be doubly careful what they eat because many foods that keep blood sugars in a healthy range are restricted in the latter stages of kidney disease.
Whole Wheat
The American Diabetes Association discusses whole-wheat products, noting that wheat contains three parts: bran, germ and endosperm. Carbohydrates are found primarily in the endosperm. Since diabetics try to moderate their carbohydrate intake, the ADA suggests that they give preference to whole-wheat products. Renal patients should check with their nephrologist before eating whole-wheat products because many kidney patients with advanced disease have to limit their phosphorus and potassium intake. For these patients, eating white-flour products is preferred over whole grains.
Since the goals of these diets are at odds with each other, it is important for the patient to know just how much carbohydrate, potassium and phosphorus they are allowed and eat accordingly. Using an online nutrient counter such as the one provided by the US Department of Agriculture can be very helpful.
Legumes
The American Diabetes Association warns that dried beans, lentils and peas are high in starch, so diabetics should limit their intake of these foods. This advice is also good for kidney patients with advanced disease who must limit their potassium and phosphorus intake, as the National Kidney Foundation warns that these foods also contain high levels of potassium and phosphorus.
Sodium
Heart disease is high among kidney patients and diabetics. In fact, according to the National Kidney Foundation, heart disease is the leading cause of death among kidney patients. Patients with diabetes and kidney disease need to watch their sodium intake to prevent hypertension. Seasoning food with garlic, onion, spices, lemon and vinegar is a healthy alternative to the salt shaker.
References
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases: KIdney Disease of Diabetes
- American Diabetes Association: Carbohydrates
- National Kidney Foundation: Phosphorus
- National Kidney Foundation: Potassium
- American Diabetes Association: Nonstarchy Vegetables
- National Kidney Foundation: Chronic Kidney Disease
