Although humans worldwide encounter many species of spider, only a few spiders present a threat. Two poisonous spiders are present in North America. The black widow spider and the brown recluse spider are both dangerous to humans and are found in states in the southern half of the United States. If bitten by a spider you should identify the species of spider if possible and seek medical care.
Symptoms
The symptoms you experience from a spider bite depend on the type of spider and the type of venom injected. Symptoms include pain in the bitten area, nausea, chills, fever, severe abdominal pain, rash, headaches, body aches, paralysis of the legs, a blackening ulcer or blister, dizziness and tearing of the eyes. All of these symptoms can indicate a spider bite. If these symptoms are present and you suspect a spider bite, seek medical attention.
First Aid
First aid is important in controlling the damage from spider bites. You can limit the damage that the venom can cause before you reach medical help by cleansing the wound with soap and water. If the bite is on a limb, you should elevate it and place a tight bandage above the bite to slow the spread of the toxins. Apply a cold cloth to the area of the bite. These steps will help prevent symptoms and keep tissue damage from becoming more severe.
Treatment
Medical treatment varies depending on the type of spider and the severity of symptoms. A physician may recommend a corticosteroid injection, muscle relaxants, pain relievers or other medications. In the case of a brown recluse spider bite, you may have to have surgery to remove the ulcer. Anti-venom is also a common treatment if you know the species of the spider that bit you. In the case of severe symptoms or tissue damage, you may be hospitalized.
