The coronary arteries are the two blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. The right coronary artery brings blood to the right side of the heart and the left coronary artery brings blood to the left side of the heart. In a healthy individual, blood flows freely through an unobstructed blood vessel. Those with coronary heart disease have narrowed coronary arteries due to the accumulation of plaque on the arterial walls, which is called atherogenesis.
Causes
Atherogenesis can develop for a number of reasons, but the most common factor is smoking. Smoking causes extensive and chronic damage to the arterial walls. When the arteries are damaged, they attempt to heal themselves by depositing plaque on the inner walls. This reduces the diameter of the arteries and can hinder or completely block blood flow. Other common causes of atherogenesis are high cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure and uncontrolled diabetes.
Symptoms
When atherogenesis only causes a slight blockage of the arteries, those with coronary heart disease may not experience any symptoms. When the blockage becomes significant, it can cause angina, which is chest pain and pressure that may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw or back, according to the National Heart, Lung or Blood Institute. Coronary heart disease can also cause shortness of breath.
Treatment
According to Medline Plus, treatment for coronary heart disease depends on the severity of the condition. Treatment options consist of medications to reduce blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides and prevent blood clots. If the blockage is severe, surgical procedures may be used to physically open up or bypass the blocked arteries.
Lifestyle Modifications
Another important part of a successful treatment plan for coronary heart disease is making diet modifications. Those with coronary heart disease should limit sodium, fat and cholesterol and increase intake of whole-grains, fruits and vegetables. Alcohol can also contribute to atherogenesis, so it should be avoided as well. In addition to a proper diet, regular exercise can help prevent complications from coronary heart disease. Cessation of smoking is also an important step in treating coronary heart disease.
Considerations
If left untreated, coronary heart disease can cause a number of complications. One of the most common complications is heart attack. Over time, coronary heart disease may also lead to permanent heart failure. Some people with coronary heart disease may also experience a stroke.
