Eating a healthy balanced diet during pregnancy is important in order to receive the necessary vitamins and minerals for proper fetal development. However, since many diets lack the appropriate foods to provide everything the expecting woman needs, it is necessary for most pregnant women to take a prenatal vitamin, which contains the recommended vitamins and minerals for a healthy pregnancy. Prenatal vitamins are available both over-the-counter and by prescription. Pregnant women should consult with their obstetricians to determine the best vitamin for each personal situation.
Water Soluble Vitamins
During pregnancy, women require a mix of water and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as additional minerals and nutrients. The American Pregnancy Association explains that vitamin C helps promote a healthy immune system and it functions as an antioxidant to protect the cells from free radical damage. A mixture of B vitamins, including B1, B2, B3 and B6, is required during pregnancy. These vitamins provide and sustain energy during pregnancy and are good for eyesight and nervous system development and function. Vitamin B6 is also beneficial in decreasing nausea associated with morning sickness.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E and K are considered fat-soluble, meaning they are stored in the body, and must be taken with food for proper absorption. During pregnancy, vitamin A helps with the proper development of bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps the body absorb and utilize calcium and phosphorus also included in the prenatal vitamin. Vitamin E assists in the formation of red blood cells and muscle formation.
Folic Acid
One of the most important elements of a prenatal vitamin is the folic acid. Dr. Elisa Ross, MD with Dr.Spock.com explains that folic acid is important for the prevention of birth defects related to the central nervous system. The March of Dimes also explains that folic acid is beneficial to the pregnant woman as well, protecting against stroke and cancer.
Iron
During pregnancy, the mother's blood volume increases to accommodate the growing baby and uterus. Iron is important during pregnancy because oxygen is carried on red blood cells. Having too few red blood cells can cause the mother to feel weak and tired. Iron supplementation can decrease the risk of preterm delivery, notes the March of Dimes.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, assist in the formation of the baby's brain, nervous system and eyes. If the prenatal vitamin does not include DHA, additional supplements may be purchased. The March of Dimes recommends 200 mg of DHA daily.
