Two major types of cholesterol are in the body: low-density lipoprotein, known as LDL or "bad" cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein, known as HDL or "good" cholesterol. Increased levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood may contribute to atherosclerosis and the development of heart disease. The HDL cholesterol helps the body remain healthy. Most cholesterol medications work by lowering LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream, although some may increase HDL cholesterol.
Statins
Statins are the most popular medication used to lower cholesterol levels. Statins work by blocking the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is responsible for the reaction that allows the body to synthesize cholesterol. Blocking the enzyme prevents the production of cholesterol and signals the liver to produce more LDL cholesterol receptors, which can decrease the levels of LDL cholesterol already in the blood. Possible side effects of statins include diarrhea, constipation, nausea, stomach cramps, muscle soreness, weakness, muscle pain and increased gas.
Bile Acid Sequestrants
The body uses cholesterol in order to produce bile, which aids in fat digestion. Bile acid sequestrants bind to bile in the body, which renders it useless and signals the need for the body to synthesize more bile. In order to do this, the body uses up the cholesterol that is available. Although bile acid sequestrants may lower cholesterol, they can increase triglycerides. Common side effects of bile acid sequestrants include heartburn, constipation, gas, indigestion and nausea. If triglyceride levels are increased from the use of this medication, blood pressure may also go up. When blood pressure gets high, it can cause swelling of the fingers.
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors reduce the amount of cholesterol that is absorbed in the digestive tract. This medication is usually used in conjunction with statins, according to the Texas Heart Institute. Possible side effects of cholesterol absorption inhibitors include stomach pain, fatigue and muscle soreness.
Niacin
Niacin is a form of vitamin B that can help reduce cholesterol by slowing the liver's production of certain substances that are needed to make LDL cholesterol. Those who take niacin may experience headache, upset stomach, heartburn, diarrhea and redness in the face and neck, called flushing.
Fibrins
Fibrins help to lower cholesterol by breaking triglycerides down into particles that the body can use for other purposes. In addition to lowering triglycerides, fibrins help increase HDL cholesterol. Possible side effects of fibrins include nausea, stomach pain and the formation of gallstones.
