The glycemic index ranks foods according to the amount of blood sugar elevation that occurs over two to three hours after the consumption of a specific food. For persons with diabetes, this information could be helpful while planning food choices because foods with a high glycemic index can raise blood glucose well above optimal levels. Eating foods with a glycemic index of 55 or lower--meaning that the blood sugar levels would not go up much after eating the food--can help people with diabetes improve glucose control, according to The Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center.
Whole Grains
Whole grains like barley, bulgur and rolled oats tend to have lower glycemic indexes, according to the Canadian Diabetes Association. These types of foods generally take longer to digest and cause blood sugar levels to rise more slowly because they contain significant amounts of fiber. Many types of pasta and converted rice have a low glycemic index as well, according to the American Diabetes Association.
Foods with Protein
Foods that have high amounts of protein can also have low glycemic values. Beans like peas and lima beans are high in fiber and protein, which causes them to be digested slowly and have a lower glycemic index. Lean meats and fish also have lower glycemic values, according to the George Mateljan Foundation.
Vegetables
Most vegetables contain fiber, which gives them a low glycemic index. Spinach, turnip greens, zucchini, okra, brussel sprouts and eggplant all have a low glycemic index and would cause a more gradual blood glucose level increase, according to the George Mateljan Foundation. Selecting fresh or raw vegetables may offer additional benefits for people with diabetes, according to the MayoClinic.
Healthy Fats
Foods containing monounsaturated and omega-3 fats can have a lower glycemic index as well. These types of fats such as olive oil and flaxseed oil may not increase blood glucose levels quickly and offer other health benefits, according to the George Mateljan Foundation. Fish and nuts also contain these healthy fats and, when consumed in moderation, can help manage blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes.
Dairy Products
Low-fat or nonfat dairy products have a low glycemic index, according to the George Mateljan Foundation. Skim milk and low-fat yogurt with or without fruit all have low glycemic indexes. Low-fat cheeses, sour creams and cottage cheese also can have a low glycemic index.
