Excessive fluid in the ear is the most universal form of hearing loss among children. The middle ear is located behind the eardrum and is normally filled with air. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), when a child has middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion/OME), it means there is a buildup of watery or mucus-like fluid. There are numerous signs to watch for in your child to indicate that he may not be hearing properly.
Causes
Otitis media with effusion, also known as glue ear, refers to the formation of fluid in the middle ear due to swelling and blockage in the Eustachian tube (which connects the middle ear to the throat.)
This condition may make the ear feel full and cause loss of hearing. Fluid in the ear generally doesn't cause obvious symptoms like pain or pus drainage that are commonly associated with ear infections. However the collection of fluid can affect your child's hearing.
Effects
Hearing can become impaired because the fluid that is trapped inside the middle ear surrounds the eardrum and the small bones. This confinement inhibits these ear structures to freely transport sound to the inner ear at adequate levels.
Ear Pain
Older children may tell you that their ear hurts and has a plugged up feeling. Sometimes fluid in the ear will cause mild ear pain. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) says the pressure caused by a buildup of fluid can cause an earache.
Hearing Loss
When younger children have fluid in their ears, you may notice that the volume on the television is turned up at a higher than normal level. He may not seem to listen or pay attention. He may more frequently ask you to repeat your words and talks less or speaks more loudly. Sometimes a child with fluid in the ear may have a persistently runny nose.
Additional Signs
Hearing loss can make a child feel irritated and discouraged. In school, performance levels may decline due to problems with staying focused and being able to follow instructions. Children with fluid in the ear may have trouble getting along with classmates. Some may become disobedient and show signs of restlessness and/or nervousness.
Treatment
Your child's doctor may suggest a waiting period to see if the fluid in the ear clears up on its own. In some cases that may take a few weeks to a few months. When it does, your child's hearing should return to normal.
Even if fluid in the ear does go away it may come back. The AAP says approximately three to four children out of 10 who get fluid in the ear will develop it repeatedly. The Mayo Clinic says in stubborn cases, recurrent fluid in your child's ear may require the insertion of tubes that will help to drain the fluid.
Antibiotics, antihistamines and decongestants don't generally work to improve hearing, according to the Consumer Reports Health website.
