Muscle spasms are involuntary, often painful contractions of muscles throughout the body, especially those of the back and the limbs. They can arise from a variety of causes, among them fatigue, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, vascular problems and neurological disturbances. Although they are typically treated with conventional medications, such as anti-inflammatory medications, narcotic painkillers and muscle relaxants, herbal remedies also may be effective for some people.
Ginkgo
The ginkgo plant is the source of herbal supplements used in the treatment of a variety of maladies. As ginkgo is believed to have blood-vessel-dilating properties, most of these maladies involve problems in circulation. In the case of muscle spasms resulting from poor blood supply to the affected area or areas, ginkgo may relieve pain, according to the National Institutes of Health. Ginkgo leaf is considered quite safe, with side effects minor and including upset stomach, headache, dizziness, constipation, forceful heartbeat and allergic skin reactions. There is some concern that it may cause blood to clot more slowly and it should not be taken with anti-inflammatories or anticoagulants.
Valerian
Valerian is a year-round plant with an extensive root system, and it is the root that is used for medicinal purposes. Valerian contains an unusually broad assortment of compounds, among them oils, tannins, resins, amino acids and alkaloids, so its physiological effects are numerous and varied. In the central nervous system, valerian binds to an inhibitory cell receptor known as the GABA receptor, the same site at which the anticonvulsant drug Valium and the muscle relaxant drug baclofen both act; this is believed to be the mechanism by which it helps abort and prevent muscle spasms.
Skullcap
The name "skullcap" refers to two distinct herbs, one American and the other Chinese. Although the latter has been subjected to greater study, the former is used therapeutically in the treatment of muscle spasms. As with several other herbs used for this purpose, skullcap has been used for centuries for its anti-anxiety and anticonvulsant properties, suggesting a common receptor pathway at the level of the central nervous system, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Available as a powder or in liquid-extract form, skullcap can be served as a dry herb, in tea or as a tincture. Because of the potential additive effects, skullcap should not be used with sedatives or anticonvulsants, including Valium, Xanax, Dilantin, barbiturates or alcoholic beverages.
