Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is characterized by high blood glucose levels that result from problems with insulin secretion. Blood glucose levels are usually controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Patients with diabetes have to monitor their diet in order to control the levels of blood glucose as high blood glucose levels can lead to serious health problems. Making healthy food choices helps keep blood glucose levels within a safe range.
Healthy Carbohydrates
According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetics should consume healthy carbohydrates such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, peas, lentils and low fat dairy products. Healthy carbohydrates usually have a lower glycemic index. Glycemic index is the measure of the effects of carbohydrates on blood glucose levels. During digestion carbohydrates are broken down into blood glucose. Eating too much of unhealthy carbohydrates or carbohydrates with high glycemic index leads to high levels of blood glucose. Diabetics should visit dietitians who can teach them how to count carbohydrates and measure food portions in order to control blood glucose levels. Counting carbohydrates involves paying attention to the carbohydrate content of food by reading food labels.
High Fiber Foods
The American Diabetes Association also advises diabetics to eat high fiber foods. High fiber foods help control blood glucose levels because their digestion is slow and they are released slowly in the bloodstream without causing a sudden spike in blood glucose levels. High fiber foods also protect diabetics from heart disease. Examples of high fiber foods suitable for diabetics include fruits, leafy vegetables, nuts, beans, peas, lentils, whole wheat flour and whole wheat bran.
Fish, Poultry and Fats
The American Diabetes Association states that fish and poultry are a more suitable source of protein for diabetics. Fish and poultry are better alternatives to animal protein such as beef and pork because they have less fat, calories and cholesterol. Beef and pork contain saturated fats and cholesterol which may worsen diabetes symptoms and speed the development of clogged and hardened arteries. Fish is great for diabetics because it contains omega-3 fatty acids, which are healthy fats that improve symptoms of diabetes. Diabetics should add fish such as cod, tuna, halibut, mackerel and salmon to their diet. Other sources of healthy fats that can benefit diabetes include avocados, almonds, pecans, walnut, olives, canola and peanut oils. Diabetics should avoid sources of trans fats such as processed snacks, baked goods and stick margarine.
