Vitamin B12 is also called methylcobalamin, cynacobalamin and cobalamine. This water-soluble vitamin is an essential nutrient that the body requires for several key functions, including metabolism for energy production. Deficiencies of this vitamin may occur due to poor nutrition as well as disorders that hinder the absorption of B12 from the digestive tract to the body. Disorders of this type include peptic ulcers, viral infections and some medications. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that deficiencies of vitamin B12 may cause symptoms such as fatigue, nervousness, anxiety, muscle numbness or tingling, memory and concentration problems and pain. Vitamin B12 doses to treat a deficiency have several benefits and may be given through supplements, injections and nasal sprays.
Energy
Vitamin B12 is essential for mechanisms that produce red blood cells and for the metabolism or proteins and fats in the body. The National Institutes of Health explains that patients with marked deficiencies in this essential vitamin experience improved energy, mental function and overall well-being after treatment with B12. Conditions that may cause decreased levels of B12 include fibromyalgia and Crohn's disease.
Anemia
A type of anemia called pernicious anemia occurs due to a deficiency of intrinsic factor, a gastric protein that is necessary for the body to absorb dietary vitamin B12 from the stomach. This then causes low levels of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and cells. The National Institutes of Health explains that in pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 will not be absorbed via oral supplements or nasal sprays. It must be injected directly into muscle to reach the bloodstream. These shots are able to treat the anemia and reduce symptoms of fatigue, tiredness, weakness, paleness, heart palpitations and an irregular heart rhythm.
Heart Health
Vitamin B12 deficiencies can cause problems in the heart and blood vessels. According to the National Institutes of Health, that this essential vitamin is also necessary for the synthesis of several hormones that help to lower levels of homocysteine, a compound that increases the risk of heart disease and hypertension, which is commonly known as high blood pressure.
Mental Health
Supplemental doses of vitamin B12 can also help to improve psychological symptoms of a deficiency such as anxiety, nervousness, psychosis and dementia. Vitamin B12 can also improve nerve symptoms such as muscle weakness and tremors. The Mayo Clinic explains that this occurs because vitamin B12 is a key nutrient needed for the formation of cellular structures in the nerves of the brain and spinal cord.
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