Sinus congestion is a symptom of several different illnesses and ailments such as a sinus infection, cold or allergies. The symptoms of congestion can include pain in the face such as in the forehead, over the cheekbone and under or around the eye. Other symptoms can include darkening under the eyes and reduced air flow through the nose. Self treatment can reduce the symptoms of congestion, but it may have minimal impact on the underlying ailment.
Function
Congestion in the sinuses occurs in two ways. First, the lining of the nasal passages becomes swollen and inflamed due to the presence of an irritant, such as an allergen or infectious agent. When the tissues swell, they reduce airflow and cause the pressure or pain that the individual experiences. Second, many irritants that cause this inflammation will trigger the body's immune system to produce mucus to flush the irritant out of the body. The increase in mucus production further congests or fills up the sinuses resulting in discomfort.
Causes
When a foreign agent enters the body, there are several chemical reactions that occur as the body defends itself. For example, when one of the many viruses that cause the common cold enter the body, the chemical histamine is produced by various cells in the body. Histamine causes several defenses to be implemented, including sneezing, coughing and mucus production. These reactions help force the offending agent out of the body. The same reaction can occur with a bacteria or an allergen.
Self Treatment
There are many things an individual can do to self treat sinus congestion that don't require medications. Rest and drinking plenty of clear fluids can help with any cause of sinus congestion by keeping the body energized, thinning mucus when it exists and allowing the body to function smoothly. Steam, such as that from a humidifier or hot shower, can open congestion nasal passages to allow easier breathing and loosening of mucus. Herbal tea with honey and lemon can soothe a sore throat and thin thick mucus that is draining down the throat. The University of Maryland Medical Center points out that herbal teas and vaporous oils such as eucalyptus and spearmint can be used to treat congestion and sinus discomfort. A warm wash cloth placed over the sinuses that are congested can provide temporary relief.
Preventative Measures
Individuals with allergies can avoid sinus congestion by limiting exposure to the allergen. This may include staying indoors as much as possible during peak hay fever and pollen seasons, which is usually spring or fall depending on the region. Minimizing contact with animals, such as cats and dogs, can reduce allergic reaction. Vacuuming frequently, changing clothes after being exposed to allergens and using a household air filter can help remove allergens from the home.
Medical Treatment
Many over-the-counter medicines can reduce the discomfort of sinus congestion. Examples include a pain reliever like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to treat sinus and head pain. Decongestants and antihistamines can also be taken over the counter when applicable. For persistent sinus congestion, an individual should seek medical advice. A prescription allergy medicine or antibiotic may be necessary to handle severe allergies or a bacterial infection, such as a sinus infection. Viral illnesses, such as the common cold or flu, don't respond to antibiotics, but in severe respiratory conditions, like pneumonia, an antiviral may be prescribed. A saline spray or medicated nasal spray may be recommended in some cases to help thin mucus, remove thick drainage and decongest the sinuses.
