Benefits & Risks of a Vaginoplasty

Vaginoplasty is not a single type of surgery. Reconstructive vaginoplasty is performed to create a full vagina for people who want a female identity. Non-reconstrucive vaginoplasty is the increasingly popular cosmetic procedure for women that promises to rejuvenate their genitalia. Before electing to have non-reconstructive vaginoplasty, know the risks and speak to your doctor about alternative, non-surgical options.

Reconstructive Vaginoplasty

For male-to-female transsexuals, vaginoplasty involves the removal of the penis and testes and the construction of a functioning vagina. The operation benefits the patient by making her feel more secure in her chosen sex, and allowing her to have sexual intercourse "as a woman." Vaginoplasty may also be performed on intersex patients who were born with indeterminate sexual organs. Creating a fully-formed vagina allows intersex people to identify as female. Risks include scarring, infection, urinary and bowel problems, and fistula (a hole between the bowels and new vaginal canal). The new genitalia may be hypersensitive or limited in sensation.

Non-Reconstructive Vaginoplasty

For individuals who were born with a fully-formed vagina, vaginoplasty is a considerably less involved operation. Instead of creating a vagina, vaginoplasty on biological women involves "tightening" the vagina, which may have become looser because of age or childbirth. If the vagina feels "loose" to a partner, the surgeon can remove excess vagina lining. Supportive areas around the vagina may also be tightened. The procedure is often performed along with labiaplasty, which reshapes the labia so it appears smaller. After vaginoplasty, women may feel more comfortable with the appearance of their genitalia, and their partners will appreciate the increased friction of a tighter vagina.

Risks of Non-Reconstructive Vaginoplasty

The risks of non-reconstructive vaginoplasty are somewhat similar to those of reconstructive vaginoplasty. Scarring and infection may occur. In addition, the surgery can destroy nerves in the vaginal area, leading to decreased sensation or even vaginal numbness. While the partner may enjoy sex more, the patient may experience decreased enjoyment. Non-reconstructive vaginoplasty is also expensive, running into the thousands of dollars. Insurance does not cover non-reconstructive vaginoplasty, unless it's performed to correct a medical condition, such as urinary incontinence.