1. The Two Types of Flu
The traditional flu vaccine is given through a shot. This vaccine is inactive (dead) and usually enters the body through a needle into the arm. There is also a nasal spray vaccine that contains live virus and can be sprayed into the patient's nose. The virus in this vaccine is alive, but is so weak that it will not lead to any symptoms in most healthy recipients. The specific type of flu virus used in the vaccines changes each year based on the specific strains scientists predict will circulate that year.
2. Annual Shots Recommended
The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all children between the age of six months and 18 years receive the flu vaccine annually. Yearly vaccinations are particularly important for children with asthma, cancer, heart disease, HIV/AIDS, sickle-cell anemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or any disease or condition that requires medications that suppress the immune system. Adults that suffer from any of these conditions should also receive a flu shot. Adults over 50 should receive an annual flu vaccination as should women who are or who may become pregnant. Anyone who takes care of patients or lives with someone at increased risk of the flu should also be vaccinated.
3. Watch for Side Effects
Side effects of flu shots include redness or swelling at the spot where the shot was given, aches, and fever. The nasal spray vaccine can cause different effects on people of different ages. For adults, side effects include headache, runny nose, cough, and sore throat. For children, side effects include aches, vomiting, and fever. Occasionally, the flu vaccine can cause severe allergies or other problems. If you are concerned about the side effects you or a family member are experiencing after receiving a flu vaccine, contact your health care provider to schedule a follow-up visit.
4. The Thimerosal Controversy
The majority of concern over the safety of flu vaccines involves thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative used in some flu vaccines. An ongoing debate exists over the connection between thimerosal and the rising rate of autism, although most scientific research has not shown a relationship. Due to this controversy, thimerosal is no longer used in any child vaccines except for some flu vaccines. If you prefer your child receive a flu vaccine without thimerosal, express this to your child's health care provider.
5. Take Additional Steps
In addition to flu vaccines, there are other steps you can take to prevent contracting the flu. Wash your hands regularly and avoid contact with those who have already contracted the flu. Healthy meals, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can all help you stay healthy and fight off current or future illness.
