The substances necessary for digestion are known as enzymes, whose actions assist in breaking down foods into their nutrient components to enable the body to synthesize what is eaten. Different foods digest at different rates, and the timing of the release of enzymes is important to prevent indigestion. Some people do not have enough of one or more enzymes naturally, so must take supplements to provide the additional boost for proper digestion.
Amylase
Carbohydrate and starch digestion is accomplished primarily by the enzyme known as amylase, according to Felicia Drury Kliment in "The Acid Alkaline Balance." The main source of amylase is the pancreas; however, there is a small amount also found in the saliva, which contributes to the pre-digestive process. An amylase deficiency may make the digestion of sugars impossible. One example of this deficiency is lactose intolerance. When an individual is unable to digest milk sugar, called lactose, the addition of lactase enzyme taken orally can provide a solution.
Honey is considered the best source of amylase, according to Klement; but not just any honey will do. It has to be not only raw, but contain pollen, royal jelly and propolis. A spoonful of honey eaten with meals high in starches may prevent bouts of acid reflux and other unwanted symptoms of indigestion.
Lipase
Lipase is the digestive enzyme responsible for fat breakdown, according to Colorado State University. Lipase is also released by the pancreas and is found in pancreatin, which also contains protease and amylase. It is available in health food stores. Raw cow's milk is also high in lipase and is an excellent source of this enzyme. Kliment writes that it should only be consumed at breakfast or possibly at lunch, times when it has is best action in the body. Drinking raw cow's milk later than noon is not recommended. It was common in the early part of the 20th century for doctors to prescribe raw milk and raw butter to relieve symptoms such as stiffness in the joints and to treat conditions such as diabetes. Raw milk has a similar effect to cortisone for reducing inflammation, according to Kliment.
Protease
The stomach uses protease to break down proteins, according to Colorado State University. When there is a shortage of these enzymes, putrefaction may occur, leading to indigestion and acidosis. The enzyme pepsin, found in ox bile, enhances protein digestion. This enzyme is a common addition to digestive enzyme combination found grocery and health food stores. Because papain may contribute to excessive breakdown of tissue, a health care practitioner or specialist at the health food store should be consulted for the correct dose for each individual.
Plant-based enzymes such as bromelain, from pineapples and papain, from papaya fruit are also used to breakdown proteins and are preferred by vegetarians, according to the University of Michigan Health System.
References
- "The Acid Alkaline Balance"; Felicia Drury Kliment; 2002
- Colorado State University: Exocrine Secretions of the Pancreas
- University of Michigan Health System: Digestive Enzymes
