The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck and manufactures two hormones known as thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones regulate cell function and metabolism. According to the British Thyroid Foundation, one in 20 people have some form of thyroid disorder. If the thyroid produces too little thyroxine, it leads to a disorder called hypothyroidism. If a person's thyroid produces too much thyroxine, hyperthyroidism occurs. Other thyroid disorders include thyroid eye disorder, thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. Certain vitamins help the thyroid to function correctly.
B Vitamins
Several of the B vitamins help the thyroid to function properly. Vitamins B1 and B6 play an essential role in the production of thyroid hormones and are especially important for people with an overactive thyroid. Vitamin B3 also helps the cells of the thyroid gland to work efficiently. A deficiency of vitamin B2 suppresses thyroid function and hinders the production of thyroid hormones. B vitamins are found in foods such as fish, meats and dairy products. Leafy green vegetables are also rich sources of B vitamins.
Vitamin C
The charity Thyroid UK notes that a vitamin C deficiency disturbs the function of the thyroid gland such that it produces too much thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and is found in fruits and vegetables. MedlinePlus notes that good sources of vitamin C include tomatoes, broccoli, citrus fruits, and red and green peppers.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E deficiency is associated with an over-production of thyroid hormones, notes Thyroid UK. A vitamin E supplement may be needed by patients with an overactive thyroid as these patients tend to use up vitamin E more quickly. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from free radical-induced damage. It is found in foods such as nuts, seeds, vegetable oils and green leafy vegetables. The National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements notes that vitamin E deficiency is rare, though people with digestive disorders may have a vitamin E deficiency.
