Tree nuts, cow's milk, eggs, wheat and shellfish trigger most food allergies, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. If a patient suspects a food allergy, she should seek medical advice from a doctor. Food allergies can lead to a life-threatening condition and need to be taken seriously.
Identification
MedlinePlus describes a food allergy as hypersensitivity of the immune system to particular proteins in various foods. The body's immune system defends the body from harmful substances such as viruses and bacteria. During a food allergy, the immune system mistakes the food proteins as harmful substances and attacks them with antibodies and histamines. This chemical reaction in the body leads to common allergy symptoms.
Types
In children, eggs, peanuts, milk and tree nuts most commonly trigger an allergic reaction; however, most childhood food allergies are outgrown by the age of five, according to MayoClinic.com. Common adult food allergies include fish, shellfish, eggs and tree nuts, such as walnuts or pecans. A milk allergy is specifically in reference to cow's milk and does not include goat's milk or soy milk.
Effects
Food allergies share common symptoms, including skin reactions, gastrointestinal and respiratory reactions, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Skin reactions include eczema and hives, leaving the skin inflamed and severely itchy. Gastrointestinal symptoms include vomiting, stomach camping and diarrhea. Respiratory symptoms include shortness of breath, nasal congestion and postnasal drip.
Tests
An allergist is the most qualified medical professional to diagnose a food allergy. Common tests performed for food allergies are observation of symptoms and blood tests and skin tests, according to MedlinePlus. Blood tests help determine which proteins cause the body to increase IgE antibodies. Skin tests use small amounts of different food allergens to see which allergens cause a skin reaction.
Treatment
Food allergies either produce minor or severe allergic reactions. Minor food allergy symptoms can be treated with oral or topical antihistamines, according to MayoClinic.com. Use caution when taking oral antihistamines as they can cause marked drowsiness. Avoid operating machinery if an antihistamine causes severe drowsiness. If a severe allergic reaction occurs, an injection of epinephrine may be required.
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