Conjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, is a common eye ailment. It is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane that covers the white portion of the eye and the inner part of the eyelids. Pinkeye begins with a bloodshot appearance of the eye accompanied by an itching and/or burning sensation. Certain types of pinkeye are contagious and can be spread by sharing personal items. There are several causes of conjunctivitis including bacteria and viruses.
Bacteria
Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria such as streptococci and staphylococci. Once the bacteria enter the eye, it causes inflammation and infection. It may feel as though there is something in the affected eye. There is normally more discharge with pinkeye caused by bacteria, and the eyelids may become stuck together, particularly after sleep. Bacterial conjunctivitis usually affects only one eye. Gonococcus bacteria, (the bacteria that cause gonorrhea) can cause a severe form of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Viruses
There are several viruses that can cause pinkeye, and most of them are spread through cold, flu and respiratory ailments. A common culprit is adenovirus. It spreads rapidly and is often responsible for ailments such as conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis produces the similar signs such as those found in bacterial pinkeye, including redness, itching, pain, discharge and swelling. Viral conjunctivitis can also produce symptoms of light sensitivity and blurred vision. Pinkeye caused by viruses is particularly contagious. There is no specific treatment, and the condition clears up on its own.
Allergens
People who are allergic to certain substances may suffer from allergic conjunctivitis if they come in contact with a particular allergen such as animal dander or pollen. Contact with certain fabrics or even eating a particular food could result in pinkeye of this type. The eyes may or may not become red but there is watering, swelling and severe itching. If the allergen is known, it may be avoided. If not, it is important to try and determine the allergen that triggers allergic conjunctivitis.
Chemical Irritation
Conjunctivitis can also be caused by household cleaners or other chemicals getting splashed in the eye. Irritation may result from the use of eye drops, wearing contact lenses or a sensitivity to certain types of makeup used on or around the eyes. Symptoms of redness, itching, watering and a mucus discharge may occur. Chemical conjunctivitis caused by irritation usually clears up within a day or two. A chemical splash should be treated by a qualified medical professional. It is important for any type of conjunctivitis to be diagnosed by a physician to ensure proper treatment.
