Growing evidence shows that omega-3 fatty acids may be essential for good health, particularly brain and heart health, according to Medline Plus. Foods, including some infant formulas, are now being enriched with essential fatty acids. Some parents want to add an omega-3 supplement to their child's diet, particularly if they avoid fatty fish due to concerns about mercury toxicity. Your child's doctor can advise you as to whether your child should take an omega-3 supplement.
Types
Omega-3 fatty acids include docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, or EPA, as well as alpha-linolenic acid, or ALA. DHA and EPA are found in fatty fish and in fish oil supplements, while ALA is present in some nuts and oils, according to the Mayo Clinic. Fish oil is the most common and effective omega-3 supplement for adults and children.
Function
Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to lower triglycerides and likely have a preventive effect on the heart, according to Medline Plus. Parents may be more interested in the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids on the brain. Medline Plus reports that fish oil may benefit children with attention deficit disorder, dyspraxia, asthma or developmental coordination disorder.
Considerations
Fatty fish, including salmon, mackerel and herring, is the best natural source of fish oil. Unfortunately, methylmercury contamination in fish limits the amount of fish that children should eat. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends that children consume no more than two meals of fish with low levels of mercury per week. Fish oil supplements are free of mercury contamination, according to a March 23, 2009, article in "The New York Times."
Features
Some fish, particularly apex predators, are also contaminated with industrial or pesticide contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls or PCBs. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, you should select an omega-3 supplement tested for mercury, industrial and pesticide residues. "The New York Times" reports that many common fish oil products are free of contaminants.
Warning
According to Medline Plus, omega-3 supplements are likely safe for most people. You should consult your child's health care provider before adding an omega-3 supplement to his diet. High doses of fish oil may cause an increased risk of bleeding and reduce immune system activity. Gas, bloating and belching are common side effects associated with omega-3 supplementation.
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