The American Academy of Dermatology states that around 40 million people in the United States experience some form of acne. Pimples can develop at any age, but the condition is most common in teenagers. Acne can occur anywhere---including the head and face. Because acne can leave permanent scars if it is left untreated, it is important to understand how why it occurs and how it can be treated.
Types
According to MedlinePlus, acne can crop up in many forms on the head and face. Blackheads can occur when the plug is open to the skin's surface and turns black in color from oxygen exposure. Whiteheads are a closed comedone beneath the surface of the skin. They appear as raised, inflamed bumps. A painful cyst or nodule can form if the blockage and inflammation is deep inside the skin.
Causes
Although the exact cause of acne is not currently known, the American Academy of Dermatology explains that four factors play a role---excess amounts of oil, bacteria, inflammation and blocked pores. Oil is produced by the sebaceous glands inside the pores. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those that occur during pregnancy or adolescence, can increase the production of oil. Not all of the oil can escape from the pores and becomes trapped with dead skin cells, dirt and bacteria.
Treatment
There are a variety of over-the-counter acne medications that can help treat acne on the head. MayoClinic.com notes that these products may include lactic acid, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, resorcinol or sulfur as the active ingredient. If these treatments are ineffective, a dermatologist or doctor can prescribe a stronger treatment such as tretinoin, tazarotene or adapalene. These are derivatives of vitamin A and work by sloughing off dead skin and oil, helping to prevent pores from becoming clogged.
Tips
If your hair is typically oily, shampoo it every day to remove any excess sebum buildup. Do not wear tight headbands or other accessories that can trap sweat and oil against the surface of the scalp, promoting acne. MedlinePlus says that acne typically responds well to acne medications and lotions. However, if you do not see improvement after eight weeks, consult a doctor or dermatologist for a stronger medication.
Warnings
MayoClinic.com warns that certain acne medications, such as isotretinoin, can have side effects. These can include dryness, itching, flaking, sensitivity to the sun and achy muscles. These symptoms are usually temporary and disappear after the first month of treatment. In addition, some prescription medications may increase depression and thoughts of suicide. If you experience any of these side effects, contact a doctor immediately for advice.
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