Pain may be the first complaint that prompts an individual to seek medical care. The subsequent care may be directed at pain management and a prescription for pain relievers. Analgesics, or pain relievers, may consist of combination medications that include a narcotic with aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen. Hydrocodone bitartrate, a codeine-like narcotic, is a drug used in some of the combination medications according to MedlinePlus. Hydrocodone may have side effects similar to other narcotics.
Tolerance
Tolerance, described by The Merck Manual as a decrease in response to a drug because of continuing use, frequently requires increasing dosages or an alternative drug. Two processes may occur causing drug tolerance. One is the liver's enzymes, which breakdown the drug, increasing and two, the cells attraction for the drug may be decreasing. Drug tolerance is not an unexpected side effect from prescribed narcotics by health care providers when treating moderate to severe and chronic pain.
Sedation
PDRhealth.com indicates the side effect of drowsiness or sleepiness with a narcotic may alter compliance for some individuals. Feeling sleepy may be acceptable at bedtime but is disruptive when trying to work or conduct daily activities. Consuming products with caffeine, like coffee or tea, may help to alleviate the symptoms while adjusting to the medication. Prolonged sleepiness after a period of time may require a dosage adjustment.
Respiratory Depression
Those at special risk for respiratory depression may include those with respiratory conditions or diseases according to MedlinePlus. Symptoms may include a decrease in respiratory rate and depth prompting complaints of shortness of breath. Also at risk may be older and elderly individuals who require smaller doses because of pre-existing conditions. Eliminating or decreasing this side effect may occur when the first doses are low and gradually increased over a period of time.
Dependence
The Merck Manual defines drug dependence as the adaptation of the body to a drug when used continually and causing withdrawal symptoms if stopped. Dependence may include psychological and physical aspects but for those with chronic pain the psychological component may not be a factor. Psychological dependence refers to medicating for pleasure or euphoria. Physiological or physical dependence may be unavoidable for those with pain requiring narcotic relief.
Toxicity
Drug toxicity may occur from either the narcotic or an accumulation of the additional medications which may include aspirin, acetaminophen or ibuprofen according to Drugs.com. An excess of aspirin, acetaminophen or ibuprofen may cause stomach upset, bleeding, and toxic levels with combination drugs or when extra medication is taken for breakthrough pain. Individuals on blood thinners need to be especially cautious when taking extra medication and should consult with a physician before self-medicating.
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