Diet is a vital component of cancer treatment because it provides energy and nutrients that enable the body to build immunity and fight cancerous cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, an ideal cancer diet consist of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, proteins and low-fat diary products. Depending on the current treatment protocol or type of cancer, there are foods suitable for most cancer patients.
Vegetables and Fruits
Vegetables and fruits are excellent sources of carbohydrates, vitamins and nutrients for cancer patients. Neutropenia, a low count of white blood cells, affects the body's ability to shield itself from infections and other conditions. Cancer patients suffering from neutropenia should only consume fully cooked vegetables and fruits, as raw produce may expose the body to bacteria because of the weak immune system associated with neutropenia, reports the National Cancer Institute. Oranges, bananas and other fruits with skins that can be washed are exceptions to the rule, states the Association of Online Cancer Resources.
Protein
Protein sources, such as chicken, beans, lean meat and fish, help to facilitate growth and keep the immune system healthy. Proteins such as fish contain omega-3 acids that promote overall body functions and the immune system. It also helps to repair vital tissues like muscles, bones and skin. Inadequate protein intake can lead to weakness, lean muscle loss, improper body functions and death if the body fails to acquire the necessary protein. The American Cancer Society explains that cancer patients may need supplemental amounts of protein following procedure such as surgery, radiation or chemotherapy.
Grains
Grains, especially whole grains, are ideal sources of carbohydrates for cancer patient diets. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Prepackaged bread, doughnuts, muffins, pasta, rice and cereals without nuts or fruits are good options, according to MedlinePlus. Prepackaged foods are often not contaminated with foods that are handled by people and are left out in the air. Baked breads, cookies and cakes prepared in a deli or store aren't good options because food prepared in a store are more susceptible to bacteria or other pathogens that may lead to infection in patients with low white blood cell counts. Macaroni or potato salad prepared at home is permissible but store prepared ones are not.
Dairy
Low-fat dairy products are important to a cancer patient's diet. Hard cheeses, such as Swiss and mozzarella, cheddar, low-fat yogurt and low-fat pasteurized milk are good dairy options. Soft cheeses, such as cream cheese, are allowed as long as the cancer patient hasn't been diagnosed with neutropenia. Moldy and imported cheeses, such as feta or brie, aren't acceptable choices. MedlinePlus notes Mexican cheeses, such as cojita, aren't acceptable because they are frequently ripened by mold doing food handling, which may contribute to food-borne illnesses. All cheese should be prepackaged as store prepared sliced cheeses are at risk of contamination.
References
- American Cancer Society: Nutrition for the Person With Cancer During Treatment: A Guide for Patients and Families
- American Online Cancer Resources: Neutropenic Diet
- Caring4Cancer: Food Safety During Cancer Treatment
- Medline Plus: Safe Eating During Cancer Treatment
- National Cancer Institute: What You Should Know About Cancer Treatment, Eating Well, and Eating Problems
- Today's Dietitian: Nutrition Management During Chemotherapy
