The H1N1 virus is often called the "swine flu" because some of the genes are similar to the strain that occurs in U.S. pigs. In truth, the H1N1 virus is very different from the virus that normally circulates in U.S. pigs because the virus also has genes found in strains in Asian pigs as well as avian genes and human genes. True swine flu infections in humans are rare. The CDC usually receives reports of approximately one human infection every two years in the United States. From December 2005 through February 2009, the CDC has received reports of 12 cases in the US. The H1N1 "swine flu" is highly contagious and passes very easily from human to human.
Signs and Symptoms
"Swine flu" has signs and symptoms similar to other influenza viruses. Severity of symptoms vary by individual and range from mild to severe. In extreme cases, complications from the flu can lead to death. The flu usually hits suddenly and may include a high fever and headache coupled with extreme tiredness. Many people also experience a dry cough, sore throat and sinus congestion. Muscle aches and fatigue may accompany the fever and some people also experience nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The fever usually disappears after five days, but the cough and fatigue may last for several days or weeks after. Some people may have respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, without a fever.
Signs of Complications
As with any flu, there are certain people who are high risk for serious complications. Complications of the flu include respiratory infections like bronchitis and pneumonia and sinus and ear infections. Some people may not develop secondary infections but have more severe reactions to the main flu symptoms. People over 65 and children under five should take special care during flu season. Pregnant women, people with a history of respiratory illnesses, those with diabetes and neurological disorders and the immune suppressed should all take steps to avoid catching the flu.
Emergency Warning Signs
Most people can weather the flu without medical intervention, but the flu can also cause severe symptoms and even result in death. Here are several emergency warning signs that signal the need for medical attention.
In children, fast breathing or trouble breathing may indicate respiratory distress. Cyanosis, or a blueish skin color, usually signals a lack of oxygen in the blood. If your child is not drinking enough fluids, he may become dehydrated. If your child becomes increasingly irritable, his symptoms return or get worse or he has a fever with a rash, seek medical attention immediately. The signs in adults are similar but include sudden dizziness and chest pain, as well as confusion and persistent vomiting.
