What Is In Fish Oil Capsules?

You've probably heard that fish oil has health benefits, and your doctor may even have recommended fish oil capsules as part of your nutrition regimen. In fact, the "Kansas City Star" reports that one in five American adults takes fish oil. However, while fish oil can improve your health, there are also concerns about its safety. Before you take fish oil capsules, inform yourself on exactly what they contain.

Components

Capsugel, a major manufacturer of gel capsules, explains that the majority of capsules are made from gelatin, a protein-based and fat-free component. The gelatin forms a pliable shell that safely stores fish oil so you can easily swallow it. Fish oil itself is derived from oily fish. It can be taken from the liver and organs, or from the flesh itself.

Beneficial Components

Fish oil contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, or PUFAs. These include omega-3 fatty acids: docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, or EPA. The Mayo Clinic reports that DHA and EPA are linked to lowered risk of "death, heart attack, dangerous abnormal heart rhythms, and strokes" in people with cardiovascular disease, as well as lowered blood pressure. A report in "Arthritis Research" states that PUFAs have anti-inflammatory properties and are an effective therapy for arthritis.

Potential Risks

In 2002, the Food Safety Authority of Ireland discovered high levels of dioxins in fish oil capsules. At the time, the BBC reported that dioxins were not yet regulated by the European Union. However, the dioxin levels exceeded the new European maximum limits, meaning potential cancer risk for anyone consuming the supplements. In 2010, a new danger emerged: polychlorinated biphenyl, or PCB, a potential cancer-causing agent that was banned more than 30 years previous. The "San Francisco Chronicle" reported that PCBs were found in several major brands of fish oil supplements, resulting in a major lawsuit against their manufacturers.

Types

The "San Francisco Chronicle" reports that different brands of fish oil supplements use different types and grades of fish oil. Specifically, you can buy fish oil or fish liver oil, derived from different parts of the fish. According to the BBC, higher levels of dioxins were found in oils derived from fish liver. In addition, "Arthritis Review" reports that cod liver oil may have excess levels of vitamin A.

Expert Insight

When choosing a fish oil supplement, it's wise to remember that there are differences between brands and types. If you're worried about cancer risk, avoid liver oils. The "Kansas City Star" reports that about 20 percent of fish oil supplements come from China, where fishing practices and product safety have come into question. You may wish to choose a brand or type of fish that's been approved by the Environmental Defense Fund, which reviews fish oil for its environmental and medical safety.