Nasal congestion, commonly called a stuffy nose, is when the blood vessels and nasal tissues swell with excess fluid. This can make it difficult or uncomfortable to breathe through the nose. Nasal congestion often occurs as a result of allergies, hay fever, colds, sinus infections and flu. Nasal decongestant ingredients can relieve this congestion to make breathing easier and more comfortable.
Pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine is a nasal decongestant used to relieve congestion caused by colds and seasonal allergies. According to the National Institutes of Health, this decongestant is available in liquid and tablet forms. The pseudoephedrine tablets come in regular and extended-release versions. Possible side effects of this drug include nausea, weakness, vomiting, headache, difficulty sleeping, fast or pounding heartbeat and nervousness. The Merck Manual of Health and Aging indicates that pseudoephedrine can increase blood pressure, so it should not be taken by those who have a history of hypertension. Some states restrict the sale of pseudoephedrine because of the drug's potential for abuse. While a prescription is not required to purchase the drug, pharmacists in some states must keep the drug behind the counter and can only dispense it if identification is provided by the buyer.
Phenylephrine HCL
Phenylephrine hydrochloride (HCL) is used to treat congestion that occurs due to influenza, allergies and the common cold. According to Cerner Multum, this drug should not be taken by anyone who has taken an MAO inhibitor, procarbazine or linezolid within 14 days. Phenylephrine HCL side effects include sleep problems, dizziness, headache, upset stomach and feelings of restlessness. Seek medical attention if severe dizziness, fainting, shaking, tremors, numbness or tingling, difficulty urinating, fast heartbeat, pounding heartbeat or unusual thoughts or behavior occur.
Oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline decongestant is used to treat nasal congestion caused by allergies, sinus problems, colds and hay fever. The drug is available in liquid and nasal spray formulas, which are available without a prescription. According to physicians from the Mayo Clinic, children may be especially prone to experiencing the side effects of oxymetazoline. The side effects of this drug include nasal burning, sneezing, nasal discharge and nasal dryness. If too much of the drug is absorbed into the body, nervousness, high blood pressure, blurred vision, fast heartbeat, headache, trembling, irregular heartbeat, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness and pounding heartbeat can occur.
Xylometazoline
Xylometazoline is a nasal decongestant spray that provides relief of congestion caused by allergies, colds and sinus problems. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the drug produces a decongestant effect within 5 to 10 minutes of administration, and lasts for five to six hours. Xylometazoline side effects can include drowsiness, blurred vision, light sensitivity, sweating, dizziness, headache, heart palpitations and seizure. This drug should not be used for more than four days in a row, as nasal congestion can worsen if the drug is used too often.
