Autism is described as a range of complex neurodevelopment disorders, social impairments, communication problems and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Autism affects approximately, three to six children out of a thousand, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. However, the symptoms of autism can vary from child to child. The condition is more common among boys, as they are approximately four times more likely than girls to have autism.
Social Interaction
A child's closest family members or routine caregivers are typically the first to notice the symptoms of autism. Early signs may start in infancy and continue to become more apparent. A baby with autism will be unresponsive to people, focusing instead on objects for long periods of time. The child might also be withdrawn and unsocial. He may be disinterested in social play with parents or other children and unable to play games like pat-a-cake.
Reacting and Responding
A child with autism will typically not respond to his name. He may also avoid eye contact and be unable to react to the feelings of others, due to his inability to interpret facial expressions and others' tone of voice. These behaviors may cause parents or caregivers to suspect deafness. In addition, a child with autism will have a limited vocabulary. He may call himself by name when the words "I" or "me" are appropriate. Children of the same age might speak phrases and words that are unfamiliar to the child with autism.
Repetitive Movements/Play
Rocking, spinning and self-abusive behaviors like head-banging or biting are characteristic of children with autism. It is also common to take a different approach to play. In group settings, you might notice other children playing imaginative and expressive games, while an autistic child lines up his toys and obsesses with sorting and arranging them. If these or any other unusual behaviors are present, contact your healthcare provider. Diagnosis might begin with a simple questionnaire or other tool used to gather information. If there is a likelihood of autism, a more complete evaluation can be performed. A professional psychologist, psychiatrist, neurologist or speech therapist can offer help and assess the child to obtain a diagnosis. In addition, hearing tests can be performed to rule out an impairment.
