Potassium is a mineral that helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Potassium is also responsible for proper heart function and the contraction of muscles. Potassium is in a variety of foods, including meats, some fish, fruits, vegetables, dairy products and legumes. When potassium levels drop below normal, hypokalemia occurs. According to Medline Plus, hypokalemia can occur when a person is vomiting or has diarrhea and unable to take fluids in.
Acute Flaccid Paralysis
Muscles contain most of the potassium and are affected when potassium levels become too low. Flaccid paralysis occurs when muscles become limp, unresponsive and the person loses muscle tone. Paralysis can occur in the arms, legs and in severe cases, the lungs, according to the Johns Hopkins University School ot Hygiene and Public Health. A person experiencing muscle weakness or loss of muscle function or control should seek medical attention immediately. The doctor will run tests to determine the exact location of the muscle activity and where it doesn't occur. A physical therapist will work with the person to help regain muscle strength and muscle control of the affected limb.
Heart Arrhythmias
When potassium levels drop significantly, life-threatening symptoms can occur. Dangerously low levels of potassium can affect how muscles work, including the heart. Abnormal heart rhythms can occur when potassium levels become too low. People with heart disease are at an increase risk for having abnormal heart rhythms, according to research by Arthur Marx and his team, published in the February 2000 issue of "Epidemiologic Reviews." Abnormal heart rhythms is called arrhythmias. A heart arrhythmia occurs when the heart beats either too fast or too slowly or beats at an irregular pace. Chest pain, shortness of breath, paleness, dizziness or fainting can occur with heart arrhythmias.
Rhabdomyolysis
A more serious symptom of low potassium that can occur is the breakdown of the muscle fibers called rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis occurs when the muscle fibers break down and are released into the bloodstream. When muscle fibers are in the bloodstream, the kidneys have problems filtering them and this can damage the kidneys, reports MedlinePlus. Weakness, muscle tenderness or stiffness and urine that is dark brown or red are signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis. People showing signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis should seek medical care. Treatment includes hydrating the patient, generally through an intravenous drip, or IV, and in some cases, kidney dialysis is needed.
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