Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in fats in the blood. Some cholesterol is produced naturally, and the rest comes from animal products. There are two main types of cholesterol: HDL and LDL. According to the American Heart Association, too much LDL cholesterol or too little HDL cholesterol can put a person at risk for coronary heart disease, heart attack or stroke.
LDL Cholesterol
LDL cholesterol is known as "bad" cholesterol. According to the American Heart Association, the body produces LDL cholesterol naturally, but some people produce more than others. In addition, eating foods high in saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol adds to LDL cholesterol levels. High levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood can result in plaque buildup. This leads to narrowing of the arteries, which increases blood pressure. In addition, the risk of developing blood clots, which may lead to a heart attack or stroke, is high.
LDL Cholesterol Range
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, or NHLBI, recommends a cholesterol test every five years for anyone over the age of 20. The blood test known as a "lipoprotein profile" details total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels. Ideal LDL cholesterol level is less than 100 mg/dL. Acceptable levels range from 100 to 129 mg/dL. An LDL level of 130 to 159 mg/dL is borderline high. High LDL cholesterol levels range from 160 to 189 mg/dL. Levels of 190 mg/dL or greater are considered to be very high.
Other Cholesterol Levels
Knowing your total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels is also important. Ideal total cholesterol levels are less than 200 mg/dL. Levels between 200 and 239 mg/dL are borderline high. High cholesterol is greater than 240 mg/dL. HDL cholesterol is known as "good" cholesterol. It protects against heart disease by preventing plaque buildup in the arteries, according to the NHLBI. High HDL levels are best. Levels less than 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women are low. Triglycerides are the final component of the lipoprotein panel. High levels contribute to an increased risk for heart disease. Borderline high levels range from 150 to 199 mg/dL and high levels are greater than 200 mg/dL.
Risk Factors for High LDL
High LDL cholesterol levels typically stem from a variety of factors. A family history of early heart disease is a risk factor. The NHLBI categorizes family history as having a father or brother with heart disease prior to turning 55 years old or a mother or sister with heart disease prior to turning 65 years old. Smoking, high blood pressure and being a male over the age of 45 or a female over the age of 55 also contribute to high LDL levels.
Ways to Improve Cholesterol Levels
According to the Mayo Clinic, excess weight contributes to high cholesterol. Losing just 5 to 10 lbs. can result in lower cholesterol levels. A healthful diet can have a major impact on cholesterol level. Replace unhealthy saturated and trans fats with poly- and monounsaturated fats to raise HDL cholesterol and reduce LDL cholesterol. Unsaturated fats are found in olive oil, canola oil, salmon, trout, herring, avocados, walnuts and almonds. Eat foods high in fiber like fruit, vegetables and whole grains for added cholesterol-lowering benefits. Drink alcohol in moderation and quit smoking. Take part in physical activity most days of the week for 30 to 60 minutes per session. Exercise helps to increase HDL cholesterol levels, according to the American Council on Exercise.
