An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants itself outside the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies are often called tubal pregnancies since the fallopian tube is most often where the egg implants itself. According to the American Pregnancy Association, approximately 1 in 60 pregnancies are ectopic. Ectopic pregnancies can cause permanent damage and in some cases death when left untreated. Signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy can mimic those of early pregnancy, but there are some distinct differences.
Pain
Pain is often one of the first signs of ectopic pregnancies. Pain may occur in the pelvis, abdomen or even radiate to the neck and shoulder depending on where the egg has implanted. In pelvic pain, the pain is usually located on one side of the pelvis, where the egg has implanted. The pain is usually severe, acute and intermittent. If pain is extreme, leaving the individual incapacitated, it may signal that there has been a rupture at the site of the implantation. Severe internal bleeding can occur as a result, and medical attention would be necessary. If pain is felt in the neck or shoulder, it is often due to blood from a ruptured fallopian tube causing pressure on the diaphragm.
Vaginal Bleeding
Vaginal bleeding is not always a sign of a problem in pregnancy, depending on the characteristics of the bleeding. In ectopic pregnancies, however, the bleeding is usually light and brown in color, suggesting an old blood source. Many women mistake the bleeding as normal breakthrough spotting, which can occur in normal healthy pregnancies, or as menstruation. In some cases heavy bleeding may occur, and as a result of blood loss, the individual may experience dizziness or fainting.
Shock
According to Healthline, shock is the initial presenting symptom in 20 percent of ectopic pregnancies. Shock is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by lack of blood flow in the body. The type of shock that often occurs in ectopic pregnancies is hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock occurs as a result of rapid internal bleeding. In ectopic pregnancies, hemorrhage results because of a rupture in the body, usually in the fallopian tube. Symptoms of shock include cold, clammy skin, low blood pressure and weak pulse. An episode of shock is an emergeny situation, and medical treatment is necessary.
