Despite the popularity of high-sodium foods, it may be possible for your body to get too little sodium. Your body requires some of this element, and although people commonly consume too much of it, certain conditions may cause your blood sodium levels to become unbalanced. Having low sodium levels in your blood is called hyponatremia.
Signs
A few outward signs of hyponatremia may be seen, but only a doctor can determine if you have the condition. Excessive water consumption may be an indicator of hyponatremia. Athletes, especially, may develop hyponatremia during or after a marathon because of their excessive water consumption. If you run marathons, drink electrolyte replacement fluids to maintain a balance of sodium in your body. Other signs of possible hyponatremia include prolonged diarrhea or vomiting and receiving too much fluid intravenously.
Symptoms
Your brain is sensitive to the levels of sodium in your body, according to Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Confusion and lethargy are two brain-related symptoms of hyponatremia. You may also feel restless or drowsy or experience headaches or nausea. If you suspect you have hyponatremia and have muscle twitching, seek medical attention right away, as this may lead to seizures. Severe cases of hyponatremia may lead to coma and death if left untreated.
Susceptibility
Low blood sodium levels most often occur with older adults. As you age, your body begins to handle the balance of sodium and water in your blood differently. If you take certain medications, such as antidepressants, pain relievers or diuretics, you may be especially susceptible to hyponatremia. Liver, kidney or heart failure as well as hypothyroidism or Addison's disease may also cause hyponatremia.
Diagnosis and Treatment
See your doctor if you have any symptoms of hyponatremia, especially if you are older and/or have any of the conditions that are likely to cause low blood sodium. After making an official diagnosis, your doctor will prescribe a course of treatment. Treatment options may include dietary changes or medication or both.
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