For people with bipolar disorder, mood stabilizer treatment is usually required for life. The first line of treatment for this condition often involves the use of lithium. Lithium carbonate is a natural mineral, or more specifically a salt, that is administered as a medication in pill, tablet and liquid from. It has been approved for use in the treatment of bipolar disorder since 1970. Lithium is effective for treating manic episodes and is prescribed for the daily use of individuals who suffer from bipolar disorder, according to the National Alliance of Mental Illness.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, or manic depression, is characterized by intermittent bouts of mania and depression. The manic episodes involve feeling emotionally high, irritable, the need to keep talking, easily distracted, unable to sleep and having a false sense of well-being. While experiencing mania, it is common to have several symptoms at the same time.
Depressive episodes also involve feeling multiple symptoms. Depression could include sadness, a feeling of emptiness, lack of interest in most activities, lack of sleep, decreased energy and suicidal thoughts. According to the "British Medical Journal," 10 to 20 percent of bipolar patients actually commit suicide. Throughout the course of time, people suffering from bipolar disorder alternate through both manic and depressive mood changes.
How Lithium Works
Lithium works by evening out the mood changes associated with manic depression. Although medical researchers are not exactly sure of the mechanism that enables lithium to stabilize moods, it is known to act on the central nervous system. Lithium medication helps bipolar patients to cope with the challenges of living and have more control over their emotions.
Important Facts and Side Effects
Certain levels of lithium in the blood give patients the best chance for a positive response to the drug. Therefore, periodic blood tests are required while medicating with lithium. During initial treatment, doctors may draw and test blood up to twice a week. After bipolar symptoms are well controlled, the need for frequent blood draws will decrease. Lithium needs to be taken every day in regularly timed doses so that a steady amount remains in the system. It is important to stay well hydrated and get enough dietary salt in order for lithium to work effectively and to avoid serious side effects. Lithium may be prescribed by itself or together with other medications in order to manage bipolar mood changes.
Side effects may or may not occur while taking lithium. Medical attention is required if patients experience any of the following unwanted effects: confusion or lack of awareness, fainting, fast or slow heartbeat, increased thirst, increased urination, weakness or fatigue, difficulty breathing, stiffness in the arms and legs, and weight gain.
Long-term use may also cause hypothyroidism in certain patients. However, this condition is easily treated with thyroid medication. Some side effects may occur that do not require medical attention. Slight muscle twitching, acne, skin rash or bloat usually resolves after a patient becomes accustomed to the medication. Bothersome effects can also be eased or eliminated with the guidance of health care professional.
