Alzheimer's disease cannot be cured, but various medications can reduce the severity of the symptoms and provide patients with a more comfortable and independent quality of life. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) reports that the information on Alzheimer's medication also can be useful to families and caregivers looking for some help and relief. The Alzheimer's Association reports that these are the only two medications approved for treating Alzheimer's disease
Symptoms
Some of the medications, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, can delay and reduce the severity of the symptoms in the early stages of the disease by preventing acetylcholine from breaking down. Acetylcholine is a chemical in the brain believed to control thinking and memory, report researchers at the NIA.
Stages
More severe cases of Alzheimer's disease may be treated with drugs such as memantine, which comes in pill form, to allow patients to continue with a limited amount of regular daily activities, such as using the bathroom. Memantine, in brands Namenda and Aricept, regulates glutamate that can cause brain cell death when out of control.
Benefits
Doctors at the Alzheimer's Association report that cholinesterase inhibitors, administered in tablet form, are used to treat behavioral and cognitive issues. Memantine treats cognitive systems that affect memory, language and thought processes.
Function
Both memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors affect different parts of the brain and may often be prescribed in combination to treat various behavioral functions.
Dosage
Alzheimer's medications typically are administered in small doses and gradually increased as the symptoms increase. The low dosage also allows doctors to monitor the patient's tolerance to the drugs.
Warning
Possible side effects of Alzheimer's medications can include dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. Loss of appetite and weight loss accompanied by muscle weakness are other potential side effects.
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