Numerous factors can cause hypernatremia, or high sodium levels in the blood. According to the Penn State Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, hypernatremia is a greater than normal concentration of sodium in a person's blood. An electrolyte, sodium is important for nerve and muscle function. Sodium also helps to maintain blood pressure. Hypernatremia occurs when the body loses too much water relative to the amount of sodium in blood. Environmental factors, insufficient hydration and certain medical conditions can cause hypernatremia.
Cushing's Syndrome
Cushing's syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, can cause increased sodium levels in the blood. According to MayoClinic.com, Cushing's syndrome manifests when a person's body is exposed to high levels of cortisol for a prolonged period. The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is use of oral corticosteroid medication. Common signs and symptoms associated with Cushing's syndrome include increased blood sodium levels, weight gain that is particularly evident in the abdomen, upper back, face and between the shoulders, stretch marks on the abdomen, thighs, breasts and arms, fragile skin, easy bruising, poor wound healing and acne. Possible complications associated with Cushing's syndrome include osteoporosis or bone loss, elevated blood pressure, diabetes, increased infections and decreased muscle mass or strength.
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon kidney-related condition that can cause elevated sodium levels. The MedlinePlus website states that diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys are unable to retain water as they filter blood. The volume of water conserved by the body is governed by antidiuretic hormone, or ADH. ADH -- a hormone that is generated in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland in the brain -- is also known as vasopressin. There are two principle types of diabetes insipidus: central and nephrogenic. Central diabetes insipidus is usually caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, whereas nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is often caused by a kidney defect, certain medications or polycystic kidney disease. Common signs and symptoms associated with diabetes insipidus include elevated blood sodium levels, excessive thirst and excessive urine volume.
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Primary hyperaldosteronism can cause increased blood sodium levels. According to the Merck Manuals website, primary hyperaldosteronism, also known as primary aldosteronism, is caused by the excessive production of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal cortex, or outer layer of the adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys and manufacture various hormones. Aldosterone is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys. The MedlinePlus website states that primary hyperaldosteronism may be the cause of hypertension in some individuals. The most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism is a non-cancerous, or benign, tumor of the adrenal gland. Common signs and symptoms associated with primary hyperaldosteronism include increased blood sodium levels, fatigue, headache, high blood pressure, muscle weakness and numbness. Primary hyperaldosteronism most commonly affects people between the ages of 30 and 50.
Member Comments