Autism is a disorder in which children or adults show significant difficulties in the areas of social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviors. These symptoms exist on a continuum with some persons showing significant difficulties in all three areas, while others show symptoms in only one area. There is a wide range of available treatments for the disorder, many of which include some form of behavioral therapy. However, some alternative treatments are in use. Some parents discovered that placing children on a gluten-free diet and eliminating casein, reduced symptoms and improved behavior. This diet is often referred to as the Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF) diet.
Theory of the GFCF Diet
Various foods contain the proteins gluten and casein. Gluten is a protein contained in wheat, barley, rye and some oats. Casein is the protein in dairy products. The idea behind the GFCF diet is that some children cannot process proteins in their body the same way most people can. According to Dr. Karl Reichiet, M.D., Ph.D., some children cannot break down gluten and casein. These undigested proteins travel through the bloodstream to the brain and interfere with the brain's neurotransmitters, meaning that they interfere with the brain sending signals to the body. This can lead to difficulties with attention, poor social skills, unusual behaviors and difficulties in speech.
Stages of the Diet
According to the diet's website, foods should be removed in stages. First, all foods containing casein are removed from the child's diet. Next, the diet asks that parents remove products containing gluten. After these have been removed, the child's diet must be supplemented with other items. However, some children may be allergic or unable to eat items containing alternatives to gluten and casein such as soy or rice; therefore, the diet must be structured to maintain a healthy balance. The diet may also include removal of artificial coloring and preservatives and the addition of nutritional supplements.
Benefits and Efficacy of the Diet
According to the Autism Speaks organization, some families have reported that removing gluten and casein from their child's diet leads to progress for their children, better sleep and bowel habits and more normative behavior. However, research does not currently have enough data to support the theory of this diet and its outcomes for children with autism. While some families believe the diet is helpful, it should be undertaken with caution. It is important to maintain the necessary balance of vitamins and nutrients in a child's diet. The elimination of gluten and casein removes many of the basic foods that children normally eat, so their substitution should be made carefully. Consultation with a pediatrician is recommended.
