Water is essential to human health and proper hydration becomes even more critical during pregnancy. During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume increases by 40 percent to supply the placenta and fetus. Extra fluid is also needed to maintain the amniotic fluid that surrounds the developing fetus. Throughout the body, fluid carries waste products away from cells and aids in nearly every metabolic process from digestion to temperature regulation.
Preterm Labor
Dr Amy B. Tuteur points out that maternal dehydration is one of the most common causes of preterm labor and also one of the most easily treated. It is important to remember that even mild dehydration may trigger uterine contractions in pregnant women. These may be tight Braxton-Hicks contractions that cause discomfort but do not dilate the cervix. Or they may become more serious contractions of preterm labor that lead to premature delivery of the baby. A pregnant woman should drink a full glass of water, lay down on her side and consult a health care provider anytime she experiences uterine contractions prior to full-term.
Other Risks of Dehydration
Drinking enough water can also help prevent bladder infections, which are common during pregnancy. In addition, staying hydrated is important for avoiding constipation and can help prevent hemorrhoids. Proper hydration can also alleviate swelling that may occur in late pregnancy.
Warning Signs
According to the Mayo Clinic,signs of mild or moderate dehydration include dry mouth, decreased urine output, tiredness, muscle weakness, headache and dizziness. As dehydration progresses, new symptoms may appear including dry skin and mucous membranes, dark colored urine, confusion and irritability, sunken eyes, low pressure, rapid heartbeat and eventually unconsciousness.
Prevention
According to the American Pregnancy Association, pregnant women should consume between eight and 12, 8-oz glasses per day. This amount should increase if the weather is warm and during periods of exercise, travel or illness. The American Pregnancy Association points out that thirst is a late sign of dehydration for some individuals. Instead of waiting for signs of thirst, maintain proper hydration levels throughout the day.
Tips
Many women find that they become busy or distracted and lose track of their fluid intake. Keeping a pitcher of water or a water bottle nearby can be a good reminder. Individuals who dislike the taste of plain water may try adding lemon or lime wedges or an unsweetened flavor packet. Sodas, caffeinated beverages and juices with added sweetener should not be counted towards the daily fluid requirement. However, unsweetened fruit juices, broths, smoothies and fresh fruit can all help pregnant women stay hydrated and provide a healthy source of nutrients.
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