Physicians and individuals continue to have a higher interest into the potential benefits of supplements, such as Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids. Before determining whether to take any supplement, it is important to learn about what it exactly is, how it may or may not be beneficial, and where it may be obtained.
Background on Omega-3 and Omega-6
Both Omega-3 and Omega-6, known as nutraceuticals, are termed as two types of essential fatty acids, also known as EFA. More commonly, the Omega-3 fatty acids are known as fish oils. The two types of fatty acids, Omega-3 and -6, are named based on their chemical structure. Omega-3 and Omega-6 are subsequently converted in the body to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Nutritional Sources
Essential fatty acids, including Omega-3 and Omega-6, cannot be naturally synthesized by humans. As a result, individuals must obtain them from outside sources, primarily food. Omega-3 fatty acids are highly rich in fish, especially fatty fish (albacore tuna, cod liver and salmon), and nuts, whereas, Omega-6 is mainly found in vegetable oils and animal products. Typical Western diets generally allow for individuals to ingest a good amount of Omega-6; however, Omega-3 containing foods are consumed to a much lesser amount in Western diets. Omega-3 products are available without a prescription at local retail pharmacies and are traditionally in the vitamin and supplement aisles.
Potential Disease Benefits
The two components of Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids contribute to many processes in the body, including inflammation and the formation of clots, known as thrombosis. Studies have shown that Omega-6 fatty acids contribute to inflammatory processes and clot formation, in contrast to Omega-3, which has the opposite positive effect and hence its use as a supplement. The American Heart Association has specific recommendations for supplementation with Omega-3 in individuals. Specifically, adults should consume fish at least twice weekly and patients with elevated triglycerides, a bad component of cholesterol, may benefit from Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.
Side Effects
The most commonly experienced side effects associated with Omega-3 supplementation include stomach upset, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and a fishy odor to the individual's breath, known as halitosis. Taking an Omega-3 supplement with food may decrease any stomach upset.
Disclaimer
Nutraceuticals, such as Omega-3, are marketed under the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). These products are not regulated as drugs and consumers should note that strict quality control standards are not required for nutraceuticals. As a result, substantial variability can occur in both potency and purity of these products.
References
- MD Consult Drug Information: Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- "Nutrition in Clinical Practice Journal": Current Clinical Applications of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
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