Educating students with special needs can be a challenge because there is no one formula that always works. There are a few basic principles to follow when working with students with Down syndrome, but you will need to look at each child on a case to case basis and use trial and error to figure out how each student learns best.
Step 1
Develop patience. It is not always easy to figure out the best way to teach and communicate with students with special needs. This can lead to frustration. The student will pick up on your frustration and this can lead to apprehension, guilt and confusion. The focus on learning will be lost. Remember that if a lesson is exasperating to you, it is probably much more exasperating to the student. Children with Down syndrome often act up or lose interest if the topic is too difficult. Do not become angry with the student or show frustration with the subject in front of the child. Take a deep breath and try a different approach.
Step 2
Simplify the lesson. Children with Down syndrome learn best when they are only presented with a small chunk of information. Allow the child to practice and master a small piece of information or the first step in a lesson plan. After she is confident with the small step, you can move to the next step with greater ease and understanding.
Step 3
Use concrete manipulatives. Many students with special needs have difficulty grasping abstract information. To educate students with Down syndrome, have them explore the concept with a concrete, hands-on approach. For example, use an object (such as teddy bear counters, rocks or Cheerios) for the student to manipulate when learning math. Get out real coins when discussing money. Down syndrome students learn best by actively participating.
Step 4
Try it a different way. If a student with Down syndrome is struggling with a concept, think of other ways to present the information. For example, instead of working on a worksheet about social skills, have the students use puppets to practice social skills. Sometimes the student is not engaged with the activity, but you feel he is able to do it. Try presenting the information in a different way or allowing the student to practice on the white board instead of on a paper at his desk. This encourages participation and focus on the topic.
Step 5
Celebrate when small goals are obtained. Immediate feedback is important when showing the child that you are proud of what she just did or that she did a great job. Many students with special needs have amazing memories about positive feedback and gaining the approval of an adult or peer. When you show positive reinforcement after a goal has been met, the child will strive to consistently meet the goal.
