When you get your cholesterol checked, it's likely that your report will include your HDL and LDL levels. High-density lipoproteins, or HDL, and low-density lipoproteins, or LDL, are lipids that transport cholesterol through the blood. As long as your HDL and LDL levels are properly balanced, they are very helpful components of your overall blood cholesterol health. However, the American Heart Association warns that if they're too high or low, they can cause serious health issues.
Function
Both HDL and LDL carry cholesterol through the bloodstream, helping to expel it from the body and keep your overall cholesterol level regulated. According to the book "Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies," LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to tissues throughout your body, where it is used by cells to function. HDL travels through your bloodstream and scoops up extra cholesterol and LDL, taking them to the liver for disposal. Because they work together, having a low HDL level or a high LDL level can put you at risk for health issues.
Proper Levels
Experts at the Cleveland Clinic say that your HDL level should be higher than 45 mg per deciliter, and the higher it is, the better off you are. Your recommended LDL level depends on your heart disease risk factors. Those who are either at a very high risk of developing heart disease or already have issues should aim for less than 70 mg per deciliter. Those who have some risk factors should have an LDL level of less than 100 mg per deciliter. Less than 130 mg per deciliter is generally fine for normal-risk patients.
Risks
If your LDL or HDL cholesterol levels stray from their recommended ranges, you may be at risk of developing heart disease. Excess LDL can collect in major arteries that funnel blood to your heart and brain. If your LDL level is too high or your HDL level is too low, this can happen easily. Narrowed and blocked arteries can lead to heart attacks and strokes, among other issues.
Diet and Exercise
Diet and exercise usually play an important role in maintaining your healthy HDL and LDL levels. To keep your LDL level low, you should eat foods that are rich in soluble fiber and avoid items that contain artery-clogging saturated fat and trans fat. Exercising regularly, quitting smoking, drinking moderately and losing weight can all increase your HDL level.
Considerations
Though adjusting your diet and exercise habits can be all you need to obtain healthy HDL and LDL readings, sometimes medication is also required. This is especially true for patients who have an inherited cholesterol condition. Your doctor should monitor your progress and prescribe medication if it is necessary.
References
- American Heart Association: Good vs. Bad Cholesterol
- "Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies"; Frances Sizer and Ellie Whitney; 2007
- Cleveland Clinic: Cholesterol Guidelines
- MayoClinic.com: HDL Cholesterol
