Penicillin is commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections. It is effective in preventing the growth of bacteria according to Mayo Clinic. Penicillin comes in different forms to treat variations of bacterial infections. Pediatric use is common. Antibiotics, like any drug, have the potential for side effects. Differentiating between an unwanted side effect and an allergic reaction may be difficult according to Dr. Greene MD, FAAP, at drgreene.com. Allergy testing can be done to confirm that an infant's negative reaction to penicillin is attributed to an allergy and not just a reaction to the medication.
Side Effects Unrelated to Allergy
Penicillin can create unwanted side effects in infants. According to Drugs.com these can include watery or bloody diarrhea, fever, chills, flu symptoms, bruising easily, unusual weakness, reduced urination, severe skin rash with itching or peeling, confusion and seizure. These side effects are considered serious and should be reported to a doctor immediately. Other less serious side effects include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, headache, thrush (white lesions in the mouth), and a blackened or swollen tongue according to Drugs.com.
Side Effects Misidentified As Allergy
Dr. Greene suggests that parents may misidentify common side effects in infants as linked to a penicillin allergy. He points out that nine percent of healthy children experience a non-itchy, red rash after seven or more days of using the medication. Another reason parents may believe an infant cannot tolerate penicillin is the existence of family members with allergies to the drug. These concerns are valid, says Dr. Greene, and should be discussed with your doctor. A simple allergy test can rule out any suspicions and calm your fears of allergic reaction.
Signs of Allergy
Mayo Clinic identifies hives, rash, itchy skin, wheezing, swollen lips, swollen tongue, or swollen face as potential signs of an allergy to penicillin. Your doctor should be notified of any reactions such as these. She may request an allergy test and prescribe an alternate antibiotic. Anaphylactic reactions are the most serious allergic responses to penicillin. Any of these symptoms require emergency medical treatment for your infant. Signs to look for are the constriction of airways, wheezing, swollen tongue or throat that results in difficulty breathing, weak and rapid pulse, dizziness or fainting, and flushed or pale skin.
