The minerals potassium and magnesium play a role in cellular integrity, function and energy production. Also called hypokalemia, potassium deficiency presents when vomiting, diuretic use or kidney disease leech the body of potassium stores. Magnesium deficiency is rare. The body maintains magnesium levels by restricting its excretion from the kidneys and urine; however, diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, hyperthyroidism and diabetes can deplete magnesium stores. Low levels of each mineral present with characteristic symptoms, according to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University and the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Fatigue
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the molecule that stores energy in the body. Magnesium helps cells to convert food into ATP molecules; therefore, magnesium must be available to produce energy. Without an adequate supply of magnesium, ATP production slows, making an individual feel tired and fatigued, according to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University.
The mineral potassium also acts as an electrolyte. Electrolytes are substances that dissolve in water and hold an electrical charge; therefore, electrolytes can transmit an electrical current. Electrolytes like potassium maintain and regulate cell and nerve function. An electrolyte deficiency halts cellular and nerve processes and degrades stores of sugars to produce ATP, or energy, resulting in fatigue, according to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Irregular Heart Rate
The heart normally beats 60 to 100 times per minute and the rhythm is typically consistent. Irregular heart rate, or heart palpitations cause a racing heart rate with skipped beats. This symptom gives an unpleasant feeling caused by both potassium and magnesium deficiencies. Heart palpitations can be a serious indication of an underlying heart condition, or they can be harmless, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Muscle Cramps
Muscle contraction, nerve signaling and cellular processes require the movement of ions in and out of the cells. Ions are substances that control cellular processes and the passage of substances in and out of the cell. Potassium and magnesium are ions. Magnesium ions control the flow of potassium and calcium ions in and out of the muscle, nerve and bodily cells. A magnesium deficiency prevents the movement of potassium and calcium in and out of the muscle cells; therefore, muscle relaxation ceases and causes a spasm or cramp. Cramps also occur with low potassium stores, according to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University.
Member Comments