Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is carried through the bloodstream attached to lipids, or fats. The body synthesizes most of the cholesterol it needs, however, cholesterol can also be consumed through the diet. In normal ranges, cholesterol plays an important role in various body functions. When cholesterol levels get too high, cholesterol accumulates in the bloodstream and can cause the formation of plaque on the arteries, or atherosclerosis.
Diagnosis
A lipid profile tests the level of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are the numbers of concern when referring to high cholesterol. A total cholesterol count of 240mg/dL or above is considered high and a count between 200 and 239mg/dL is considered borderline high. A count of 130 to 159mg/dL for LDL cholesterol is borderline high, 160 to 189mg/dL is high and 190mg/dL or above is very high.
Causes
Genetic and environmental factors both play a significant role in cholesterol levels. Genetic factors that may cause high cholesterol include age, sex and family history of high cholesterol. Certain lifestyle habits, such as eating a high-fat and cholesterol-laden diet, a lack of physical activity and being overweight, also contribute to high cholesterol, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
Non-Medical Treatment
According to MayoClinic.com, lifestyle changes are one of the most important treatments for high cholesterol. Following a heart-healthy diet, low in saturated fats and cholesterol and high in whole grains, fiber, fruits and vegetables, can significantly reduce the amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream. Increasing physical activity and losing excess weight can also help lower cholesterol.
Medical Treatment
In addition to lifestyle changes, there are a number of medical treatment options available for those with high blood cholesterol. One of the most common medical treatments is a cholesterol medication called a statin. Statins work by blocking substances in the body that are necessary for the synthesis of cholesterol. A variety of other cholesterol medications, such as bile acid binding resins and cholesterol absorption inhibitors, are also available for those who cannot take statins.
Complications
If left untreated, high blood cholesterol can cause a significant accumulation of plaque on the arteries. This plaque can significantly narrow the blood vessels and cause an increased demand on the heart. Eventually, this can lead to coronary artery disease, stroke or heart attack.
