The kidneys play a vital role in the human body, filtering metabolic waste from the bloodstream. While many can live with diminished kidney functioning for years with medication and dialysis, when the kidneys shut down completely, death is usually imminent. Many of the signs of dying from renal failure are gentle, and doctors can them with medications to keep the person comfortable during their last days.
Lethargy
Patients with end-stage renal failure lose energy and become more and more lethargic as the days go on. According to Drs. Joanne Lynn and Joan Harrold in their book "Handbook for Mortals," eventually patients will slip into deeper sleep and lose consciousness completely.
Disorientation
Patients in the late stages of kidney failure often experience encephalopathy, a condition that causes brain malfunctions. This malfunction can lead to confusion and disorientation. While mild reassurance often helps, if agitation grows worse or hallucinations occur, doctors will sometimes prescribe tranquilizers or anti-anxiety medication.
Tremors
As the kidneys lose the ability to filter toxic minerals, these buildup in the bloodstream and cause pins-and-needles sensations, tremors, muscles twitches and shakes. When tremors get to a point where seizures are likely, doctors often prescribe seizure medications.
Skin Discolorations
As urine concentrations become high, the skin may turn a shade of yellow-brown, according to the Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. A white powder may form on the skin, which is in fact urea that has crystallized on the skin from sweat.
Fluid Overload
As the body fails to eliminate urine, excess fluid will build and cause lung and heart congestion. Symptoms of this congestion include rapid breathing and shortness of breath. During end-stage kidney failure, patients may no longer be able to lie flat and may need oxygen and morphine to remain comfortable.
