Niacin occurs both naturally in animals and plants, and in supplement form. High doses of supplements--for example, 1,000 milligrams and up--can result in side effects such as leg pain. Although leg pain is generally harmless, it can be annoying and frustrating. Therefore, it is important to understand why niacin is used and how side effects can be avoided.
History
The Mayo Clinic explains that niacin, a B vitamin, helps convert carbohydrates into the energy the body requires to operate. In addition, it helps regulate the digestive system, nervous system, hair, eyes and skin, keeping them healthy and strong. Niacin is often included in over-the-counter vitamin supplements and multivitamins. Higher doses of it are available as a prescription. Niacin also occurs naturally in foods such as eggs, fish, poultry, dairy products and nuts.
Benefits
According to Drugs.com, niacin is often used to prevent niacin deficiency. In addition, higher doses of it are prescribed to help lessen the amount of fatty substances, or triglycerides, in the blood and to lower cholesterol. Niacin can also help decrease the risk of a second heart attack. It is also sometimes used as a remedy for atherosclerosis, or artery disease.
Forms
Niacin comes in a tablet form that is taken by mouth. Over-the counter niacin is typically taken two or three times daily with food. The extended-release version, which is longer lasting, is only taken once per day. Directions vary for prescription strength versions of Niacin---it is important to follow the packaging carefully. The U.S. National Library of Medicine suggests talking to a pharmacist or doctor if directions are not understood.
Side Effects
Niacin can cause mild side effects, such as cramps in the legs. These cramps may be accompanied by dizziness, tingling or warmth of the skin, itchiness, dryness, nausea and insomnia. Seek immediate medical attention if leg cramps become extremely painful or light-headedness, swelling, jaundice or shortness of breath is noticed. Because niacin can alter blood sugar levels, it is important that a diabetic talk to a doctor prior to taking this medication.
Tips
The Mayo Clinic notes that leg cramps and other side effects can be minimized if the right dosage of niacin is taken. In addition, the medication must always be taken with food. It is important to discuss proper dosage and forms prior to taking niacin---especially because serious side effects can be noticed when taking large doses of this medication. Because over-the-counter supplements can vary in ingredients and strengths, it is advisable to check labels closely before purchasing.
