Probiotics are often referred to as "good bacteria." They are live microorganisms, similar to the ones already residing in your stomach, which may help to balance the "friendly" and "unfriendly" bacteria in the body. Probiotic research is still in the early stages, but scientists are looking at a number of possible advantages and a couple possible disadvantages to taking probiotic supplements and consuming foods containing probiotics.
Digestive Problems
The National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine reports that consuming probiotics may cause some digestive side effects. Some people suffer mild reactions to probiotics such as gas or bloating. NCCAM notes that some live microorganisms have been used for many years as probiotics and not caused any illness. However, more scientific study is necessary to fully assess their safety.
Immune System Concerns
NCCAM reports that more research also needs to be done in the area of probiotics and the immune system. It notes that research is particularly lacking in the areas of safety in young children, the elderly and those with compromised immune systems. In theory, probiotics could cause infections that would require treatment with antibiotics.
The biggest concern is for patients with underlying health conditions. NCCAM notes probiotics theoretically could cause unhealthy metabolic activities, overstimulate the immune system or cause gene transfer, which is the insertion of genetic material into a cell.
Sources of Probiotics
Fermented and unfermented milk and buttermilk can provide probiotics, but the microorganisms are found in many other foods, too. The Cleveland Clinic notes that the most well-known food source for probiotics is yogurt. Other sources include some juices and soy drinks, some soft cheeses, miso, kefir, sauerkraut and many pickles.
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