Nasal sprays are used to clear congestion for people with colds, the flu or allergies. They spray a fine mist of medicine into the sinus cavity, where active ingredients help to break up the congestion. Along with medicated nasal sprays, there also are saline sprays that may be used to help a person breathe better.
Oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline is a key ingredient in nasal sprays such as 4-Way Long Lasting, Mucinex Full Force, Nostrilla, Afrin, Sinarest, Vicks Sinex 12 Hour, Duration, Nasacon, Duramist Plus and Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour, among others. It can provide temporary congestion relief and is an over-the-counter (OTC) medication. Side effects may include stinging or burning in the nose, sneezing, blurry vision, high blood pressure, weakness, insomnia, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, nervousness and headaches.
Xylometazoline
Another OTC ingredient used in some nasal sprays is xylometazoline. It also relieves congestion temporarily. It may be found in such medications as Otrivin, 4-Way and Otrivin Pediatric. If taking it causes the nose to become more stuffy or runny, a doctor should be consulted. Other possible side effects, especially of too much xylometazoline being in the body, may include wheezing, sneezing, a rash, difficulty breathing, nausea, dizziness, headaches, blurry vision, insomnia and an irregular heartbeat.
Fluticasone
Fluticasone is a corticosteroid medicine found in prescription-level nasal sprays such as Flonase and Veramyst. It is used primarily for allergy relief. Side effects may include weakness, abdominal pain, a cough, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, nosebleeds, headaches, dizziness and body aches. Overdose symptoms may include interruption of menstrual cycles, impotence, blurry vision, high blood pressure and even blindness.
Azelastine
Azelastine is another prescription-level nasal spray ingredient found in brand-name sprays such as Astelin and Astepro. It helps to prevent allergic reactions and to relieve allergy symptoms. Side effects may include drowsiness, dizziness, a sore throat, increased heartbeat, rash, weight gain, blood in urination, a cough and pain in the eyes.
Inactive Ingredients
Nasal sprays also commonly have inactive ingredients that make up the total solution. These may include benzalkonium chloride, polyethylene glycol, water, sodium hydroxide, camphor and others.
