Hexavalent chromium is a metallic element that can be toxic. This form of chromium, in contrast to trivalent chromium, is not utilized for bodily functions. Exposure to hexavalent chromium occurs in occupations such as paint and dye manufacturing, chrome electroplating and stainless steel welding. The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), has set a limit of 5 mcg or less per cubic meter of air for an 8-hour workday exposure.
Lung Irritation
Hexavalent chromium is a lung irritant and OSHA reports if people are exposed to a high airborne level in the work place it can result in damage to the nose, throat and lungs. Chronic exposure to mists containing hexavalent chromium can result in nasal perforation. Some people can develop an allergy to hexavalent chromium, leading to the development of asthmatic-like symptoms.
Lung Cancer
Workplace exposure to hexavalent chromium can cause lung cancer. An article in a 2004 issue of "Risk Analysis" reports that workers in the chromate industry exposed to levels of hexavalent chromium at the OSHA occupational limit have greater than a 1 in 10 lifetime risk for developing lung cancer.
Skin Irritation
Hexavalent chromium is a skin irritant. In some people, it can also cause an allergic skin reaction resulting in a red itchy rash. OSHA reports that when contact occurs on wounded skin areas, slow healing skin ulcers may develop.
Eye Irritation
Exposure to mists and dusts that contain hexavalent chromium can cause eye irritation and chronic inflammation of tissues surrounding the eye.
Gastrointestinal Problems
In some places drinking water from wells is contaminated with hexavalent chromium. The Environmental Protection Agency reports that people who ingest excessive amounts of hexavalent chromium have reported diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion and vomiting.
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