Testosterone is a hormone produced in the testicles and is responsible for the development of many male sexual characteristics. For example, it is a hormone important for the development of muscle mass and for sexual drive. In a condition called male hypogonadism, the body doesn't produce sufficient levels of testosterone for proper body development. When this occurs in boys, they can have impaired development of the growth of body hair, the absence of a deepening of the voice and development of breast tissue. There are many potential causes, including illness and injury, for the body producing insufficient levels of testosterone. Testosterone replacement therapy can help restore proper testosterone levels.
General Side Effects
Although testosterone replacement is generally considered safe, there are some potential side effects. These include enlargement of breasts and a decrease in the size of testicles. Oily skin and acne can result from testosterone replacement therapy. There can also be mild fluid retention and the worsening of a condition called sleep apnea, which is characterized by frequent awakenings during the night.
Prostrate
The testosterone in replacement therapy can stimulate tissue in the prostrate. This can result in change in urination patterns, including a reduction in the volume of urine and the frequency of urination.
Other Changes
Testosterone can change the concentration levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream. It can cause in increase in the red blood cell count, and it can cause a decrease in sperm count. The decrease in sperm count can cause infertility, especially when the replacement therapy is used by younger males.
Gel Side Effects
Some testosterone replacement therapies use a gel that is rubbed into the skin, typically the upper arm, lower abdomen or shoulder. Testosterone is absorbed through the skin as the gel dries. In order to ensure complete absorption of the testosterone, bathing or washing is not recommended for several hours after application. One potential side effect of this type of application is inadvertent transferal of the gel to a child or sex partner. In young children, the side effects can include aggressive behavior, genitalia enlargement and advanced bone age.
