How Is Bipolar Disorder Diagnosed?

Manic symptoms

Bipolar disorder is typically first suspected based on its symptoms. Bipolar disorder causes periods of abnormally high (manic) mood followed by periods of abnormally low mood (depression). Because abnormally low mood is also indicative of other psychiatric disorders (such as major depressive disorder), most medical professionals tend to focus on the manic episodes (which, when minor, are termed hypomanic episodes). During manic episodes, patients experience elevated mood and activity levels. The may also have exaggerated self-confidence and optimism. Sometimes they are unusually irritable and aggressive. During this time they may have a decreased need for sleep, have delusions of self-grandeur, have "racing thoughts" and speak quickly. People with bipolar disorder may also exhibit poor judgment and be reckless or easily distracted during manic episodes.

Depressive Symptoms

The other part of bipolar disorder involves depressive episodes. During these times patients may experience unexplained crying spells as well as extended periods of sadness. They may have extreme changes in their sleep patterns and appetite (either sleeping/eating too much or too little). Patients going through a depressive episode may feel anxious, irritable, agitated or worried. These episodes are also marked by lethargy, loss of energy and feelings of worthlessness. Many patients with bipolar disorder lose interest in previously pleasurable activities and have trouble concentrating. Some also experience unexplained aches and pains.

Other Tests

There are not currently any physical tests (including brain scans and blood tests) that can be used to diagnose bipolar disorder. Many doctors will perform certain tests, however, to help rule out other conditions (such as a stroke, metabolic problems or brain tumor). In addition, many doctors will also take a thorough patient history with a particular focus on any family members with psychiatric disorders. Although it is not understood what causes bipolar disorder, there is some evidence (according to the National Institute of Mental Health) that there is a genetic component.